Understanding important terms for digital cameras
This is a list of some of the main terms for using a digital camera
- Pixels: Are the smallest piece of information that make up an image. It is represented by a single “dot or square” of light or ink. Each pixel can be represented by a different colour and can have three or four component colours.
- Megapixels: Is a measurement of digital photo quality and one megapixel contains one million pixels. A 1600×1200 pixel image size is a common size and is said to have “1.9 megapixels” (1600×1200 = 1,920,000)
- A 5 Megapixel digital camera: A camera capable of shooting an image measuring five million pixels in size.
- Pixel Count: The amount of pixels that an image contains is called the pixel count. The clarity and sharpness of an image will look better with more pixels.
- PPI: Is one of the elements of picture quality short for pixels per inch. It is a measure of the amount of pixels to be printed within a specific area. If the number of pixels per inch that is displayed is higher the better the image will be to the human eye.
- Aperture: The aperture ensures proper exposure to light with your camera. This opening behind the lens permits light to travel to the digital camera’s interior where the sensor is located.
- Digital Camera Memory: Digital images or photographs are stored in a location called memory. Built into your camera for the purpose of storing images this electronic storage space is in the form of SmartMedia Cards, XD Cards, Secure Digital Cards, Compact Flash Cards. Digital camera memory varies in size form 64 MB to 1 GB and above.
- Digital zoom: Is obtained by focusing in on a portion of an image and enlarging it with a decrease in a cameras apparent angle of view. Although it results in a loss of picture quality it is a way the digital camera can zoom in using electronics and no physical adjustment.
- Optical Zoom: Is the ability of a lens to change its focal length and enlarge a view it is the opposite of Digital zoom in that it uses the physical properties of lens assemblies. It does not alter the quality of the recorded digital image and is a better option than digital zoom.
- JPEG: Is the standard algorithm for the compression of digital images. The Joint Photo Experts Group fixed this compression ration to picture size reduction. You can adjust image compression to a certain degree, however the more compression you use the picture quality will be reduced.
- TIFF: Is another file format for storing images. “Tagged Image File Format” is the longer version. While there is no loss of information in this format, the resulting file sizes are also very large.
- Digital Camera Sensor: Converts light into a digital electrical signal which then produces your image for printing or viewing. Within a digital camera it performs the role of a “re-useable negative”.
- Shutter Speed: Is a term which is used for the aperture exposure time that allows light into your camera when opened. Longer shutter speeds leave the aperture open longer, letting more light in and resulting in more exposure.
- White Balance: In a digital camera is simply a way to correct all the colours in your image to take account of the light they were shot in. Because not all light is the same intensity. However modern digital cameras usually have preset values you can
- Switch on to compensate for the different light intensities which then calculate all other colours based upon this setting.
- RAW/NEF: Is a file format that contains minimal processing data, or image in uncompressed format. Raw/NEF image files are sometimes called digital negatives Canon introduced the RAW picture format, while Nikon calls this format NEF.
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